Early on in the play the audience comes to find that Iago is disloyal, evil and deceiving, we come to realise this when he speaks to Roderigo and he uses quotations such as I follow him to serve my turn upon him The quote shows that Iago is only serving Othello to his own advantageous needs, to serve Othello for his own benefits; this indicates to the audience that Iagos intentions to do this are by being deceiving and disloyal. Do you agree with Iago or with Cassio? In this Iago says that he shall take Desdemonas pure hearts content goodness in which he will spawn a net of destruction to ruin them all. Othello can think of nothing but his jealousy and Desdemona's supposed adultery. Othello What becomes of the Turkish threat? Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. Emilia, who understands Iago far better than the gullible male characters have so far, demonstrates her loyalty to Desdemona by risking her own safety and defying the murderer of her former mistress, despite his obvious willingness to do violence. In his soliloquies at the end of Act 1, Scene 3 and Act 2, Scene 1, Iago uses a few types of figurative language to express his thoughts, his devious plan, and the reasons behind his devious plan . What do these actions reveal about Iago and his methods? Another interpretation is that Iago is jealous of Othellos good fortune, the audience sees this at the end of the play When Iago refuses to explain himself. I also think another way to interpret the play is discrimination; the fact Iagos character refers to Othello with terms such as The Moor a downgrading term towards minorities, this means that Iagos character is racist and the fact that Black individuals were hardly ever seen across Venice, means that Iago dislikes his nature and thus formed a ruse to dispose of him. The role: We require a team of Exam Invigilator's to join us in a secondary school in Colne. Software. Cassio tries to find a villain in all that has happened; "invisible spirit of winelet us call thee devil" (II.iii.282-283). Both Emilia and the class will have to state their reasons for handing over the handkerchief or not. The Duc had studied under B--, il avait tu ses six hommes. Fey Party Recap. More. Arise, arise, awake the snorting citizens with the bell, or else the devil will make a grandsire of you. (I,I). Much like the stereotypes that are hurled his way, Othello contrasts the "barbarous" behavior with the "Christian" brotherhood of the Venetians. As Iago learns that Cassio has no love for her, though much respect; so it is with much irony that Cassio is charged as being Desdemona's lover, when he is perhaps the only male figure in the play who has no feelings of passion for her. Shakespeare highlights that Iago has control over the characters and everyone is vulnerable to his tricks . Iago and Cassio are on the watch together; Iago gets Cassio to drink, knowing that he cannot hold his liquor. Don't use plagiarized sources. A remarkable resource maintained by the University of Toronto, the Early Modern English Dictionary Database (EMEDD) makes accessible the contents of dictionaries, glossaries, grammars, and encyclopedias published in England from 1500 to 1660. Once there's reason to exclude him from the social group, Othello quickly is diminished to the status of outsider among the Venetians. O, I have lost my reputation!" Cassio mourns the demise of his "reputation" above all else. He's paranoid Emilia has slept with O and C too! When Roderigo confronts Iago with these words, it is evident that his conflict has progressed. The rhyming couplets in which Iago expresses his misogynistic insults lend them an eerie, alienating quality, and Desdemona's active encouragement of Iago is somewhat puzzling. The repetition of "honest" in his description of Iago compounds the tragedy by highlighting how completely he was duped. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Iago, most of all is portrayed as the villain or protagonist in the play. YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE. The majority of character analyses done over the play focus mainly on the two male figures, Othello and Iago. Each plot point is spiraled further into tragedy due to the nature of Iago and his manipulative language towards the other main characters. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. If not, how does Iago use words to convince himself that he is completely justified in destroying Othello? Cassio's flawed honor and courtliness are juxtaposed in this scene with Iago's manipulativeness and deceptiveness. (including. Othello Study Guide | GradeSaver . In act III, scene iii, Desdemona. In the order of their appearance, list the characters who arrive from Venice in Scene 1. "My invention comes from my pate as birdlime does from frieze," Iago says, though his analogy misrepresents his quick wit and subtle intelligence (II.i.125-126). Iago uses demeaning animal imagery to express his thoughts towards the end of Act I. Lastly, Iago uses repetition in the plot against Othello. Roderigo takes a decision to drown himself. However, it seems as if he could just be using that as an excuse to ruin the harmony between Othello and Desdemona as he insulted Emilia earlier on. -Graham S. In changing her story, Desdemona tries to spare Othello from the punishments he will receive, proving her love and devotion to him to the very last. To Othello and the others, Iago pretends not to understand how the whole fight came about, but he defends Cassio, saying that Cassio surely received from "him that fled" (Roderigo) some "strange indignity, / Which patience could not pass." Shakespeare's use of soliloquies to present Macbeth and Hamlet, True Grit in the Character of Mattie in True Grit by Charles Portis. It is set in Cyprus. The EDSITEment-reviewed, appeals to reason, emotions, and character (logos, pathos, ethos), Other terms, not mentioned on this website but also useful for the study of, By giving their attention to Iago's rhetorical skills, students will see how he uses language to create a convincing, albeit deceptive, identity for himself; Iago also creates equally untrue identities for others, resulting in a fateful-if not fatal-outcome for all concerned. The soliloquy also allows the audience to fully trust the character in showing his or her true beliefs. 3. Which character recruits Iago to woo Desdemona? As the enraged and drunken Cassio attempts to attack Roderigo, Montano steps in to stop him. Does Othello's final speech redeem him? Fordefinitions of "Moor" contemporary with Shakespeare, go first to the, Lastly, students should be introduced to the Roman god. How is Iago able to convince one and all that he is, as he is constantly called, "honest Iago"? Rodgerio and Iago have had a bit too much to drink and they go over to Brabantios house to inform him about his daughters romantic relationship with Othello. Later on in the play we find that Iago refers to those he resents as whip me such honest knaves the fact that he uses deception of honesty for his trickery to take place means that through honesty he is able to control those around him almost like pawns in a chest game. Download Othello Study Guide. Desdemona's first question is for news of Othello. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Before introducing this activity, download and copy the worksheet. In fact, as play starts Iago is taking advantage of Roderigo. He reassures Cassio that Othello is only angry, and will soon forgive him, Iago misleads everyone by pretending to be innocent of how the fight began and by pretending to be sympathetic to Cassio, when in actual fact, Iago was the one responsible for it all. Not affiliated with Harvard College. Othello begins the play speaking in a lofty register. Othello secretly marries Desdemona, the daughter of a Venetian Senator, which is when Iago gets his plan to get rid of Othello with the help of his subordinate, Roderigo. By refusing to even listen to Desdemona's denials of her suspected infidelity, Othello reveals how fully he has lost his independent perspective and succumbed to Iago's web of illusions. Graziano enters to find Othello armed and mourning Desdemona. In this excerpt Iago represents, Iago also tries to persuade Roderigo through the different types of language techniques and appeals: ethos, pathos, and logos. Analyze Iago's arguments. "With as little a web as this I will ensnare as great a fly as Cassio," he says; indeed, the simile speaks truly of his intent, and of his true powers of "invention" (II.i.168-169). Iago tries to control Emilia, commanding her as his wife to be silent. They completely demystify Shakespeare. Iago also knows the importance of reputation, which is why he makes sure that people see him as "honest" above anything else. However, this is not the only place where it is seen that Iago uses negativity. This signifies that Roderigo is beginning to realize that he has been manipulated. After Iago 1 finishes brief parts of his plea, Iago 2 will, after Iago 1 speaks, tell the class exactly what he is trying to do as his "good face" speaks. Othello? The news that Cassio has killed Roderigo is the first sign of Iago's plots unraveling. Cassio views reputation, or honor, as a person's most valuable possession. After a discussion of what "honest" means in today's society, divide the students up into four groups. However, this isn't war that Othello is in, and things are not as clear-cut in personal battles and politics. By saying he doesn't know what happened, Iago makes it look like he is trying to protect Cassio.. As usual, Iago pretends that he does not want to say what he is about to say, which makes what he. Iago uses this metaphor to manipulate Roderigo into going to Desdemona's father and telling him that his daughter is married to the Moor, Othello. J. N. Smith. In Act 2, Scene 1 of Othello, Iago formulates his plan to drive Othello mad. Iago tells Roderigo 'I follow him to serve my turn upon him'. Video. What report does Iago give to Othello and the others about the incident? Iago's motives could be all of these reasons and more, or they could be none; indeed, Shakespeare leaves the root of Iago's malignancy unexplained, while showing the fruits of his evil in full. Also, this quote shows that Iagos overactive id, as his pleasure of revenging on Othello for taking his job overpowers his sense of instincts, superego, that he should not. The groups will consult the. For I fear Cassio with my nightcap too Iago then later comments on the fact that now he suspects that Cassio has slept with his wife, the audience comes to realise that Iago either has a intense Paranoia throughout the play or whomsoever Iago feels resentful towards, he decides to add them to his plot in their demise or downfall. By comparing Othello to an animal, and old. They all died in the stormed. Images. The Folger Shakespeare Libraryoffers an extensive archive of lesson plans on Othello. This way Roderigo will have a chance with Desdemona and express his love to her. He is able to persuade Roderigo of Cassio and Desdemona's attachment by painting an innocent gesture as a sign of familiarity; yet, all the power that is in his words is in their interpretation, for Iago is also able to say everything and nothing at once, depending on the inclination of the hearer. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. For example when Iago says to Roderigo, "Plague him with flies"(I,i,71). CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.2. A terrible storm has struck Cyprus, just as the Turks were about to approach. Subscribe Now 2. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. What is important to note is Roderigos change in attitude in act four. The Moor, a common name to disregard Othello, rose through the ranks in the Venetian army only to be de-ranked by the evil Iago. What do Wilfred Owens poems reveal about his views on religion? Iago uses his deft and astute strategic acts of manipulation to undermine each characters weaknesses. Here he is cultivating the seeds of doubt in Othello's mind. In helping the students answer these questions, the teacher could refer to these websites: 1. Iago takes advantage of the desperate former suitor of Desdemona and controls his emotions like a puppeteer pulling strings. Even though Othello loved Desdemona, Iagos rumours of an affair between Cassio and Desdemona drive him to the brink of insanity and, at Othellos peak of jealousy; he plans to kill Desdemona and Cassio with Iagos help. See Gilchrist, K. J. in the situation and in Othello's statement, "Iago is most honest." (Act II, Scene III, line 7) 2. An illustration of two cells of a film strip. It seems that Othello is more interested in keeping up appearances than in showing love for his wife; indeed, he does love her, but he seems unable to allow his love to inhabit a private, personal sphere, apart from his public life and image. When Lodovico shows up at the beginning of Act 4, Othello is already completely overtaken by Iago's influence. Iago had been using Roderigo for his money and none of the gifts and jewels Roderigo gave Iago to give to Desdemona actually reached her. Iago's convincing rhetoric clearly reveals what a powerful-and dangerous-tool language can be, especially when used by the eloquent, but unscrupulous, individual. In this soliloquy he not only describes his actions as devilish, but he also discusses how he will ensnare. Students love them!, Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. When Roderigo starts telling Brabantio about this, he shrugs it off, blaming his nonsense on Roderigos unrequited love for his daughter. Responses will vary. The next time around, however, Roderigo makes a direct attack on Iago saying that Iago is purposely tricking Roderigo. 4165) for what he says about himself and how he describes himself. Iago's perception of women as deceptive, dominating, and lusty colors the way he portrays both Emilia and Desdemona; both are good women, Desdemona exceedingly so, yet he is able to convince other men that they are anything but what they are. Struggling with distance learning? Iago asks if Cassio knew who he was chasing after, but Cassio says that he can't remember anything distinctly. By continuing, you agree to our Terms and Conditions. Iago's speech also plays on Othello's insecurities perfectly; he speaks of Othello's age, race, and manners as reasons why Desdemona will grow tired of him, which are also reasons why Othello fears he might lose her. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Shakespeare highlights that Iago has control over the characters and everyone is vulnerable to his tricks. Iago gets Cassio drunk and then has Roderigo pick a fight with him. His use of the terms "purchase" and "profit" make it seem like Othello is trying to make his diction suitable for the crowd listening to him, and his tone is also less personal and more declarative. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. He uses this to portray Othello as a Donkey, as he believes that Othello can be ordered to do as he pleases in this sense, the audience knows this is through Iagos manipulation and persuasion. Iago understands that liquor can separate even the best man from himself, and do great damage to his reputation, as "His vice tis to his virtue an equinox, one as long as th' other" (II.iii.123-124). Conclude the class by asking the students how they view Iago, Desdemona, Othello, and Brabantio as based on what they have read and discussed. This also shows Roderigo that he should at least have the joy of winning the prize when he dies. The two pass the time, waiting for news, and Iago watches, planning to catch Cassio in his . Othello e-text contains the full text of Othello by William Shakespeare. Perceptiveness is yet another motif in the play; it helps Iago do all of his dirty deeds, yet condemns Othello and Cassio when they cannot muster up enough of it to see that Iago is up to no good. This is where we get the idea of Iago thinking he is better than everyone else, he even states that plume up my will this is when we, the audience get the idea of Iago selfishness and how he is overseeing all other characters roles to reflect his efforts in which he uses to only better his own position. Iago says how there are "many a duteous and knee crooking knave thatwears out his time, much like his master's ass". From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. The following three passages will examine how language hides and reveals something about Othello, Iago and Desdemona, and how it is ultimately the downfall of the characters. Othello, meanwhile, his crime staring him in the face, now can only preserve his honor by insisting that Iago's version must be the truth. To love him still for prating? Well occasionally send you promo and account related email. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Every teacher of literature should use these translations. Now, then, il peut s'echapper. Shakespeare portrays through the speech, Iago's lack of moral scruples, his delusional state of mind and his powers of manipulation and foresight. In Act 1, Scene 3, after talking with Roderigo, Iago has a soliloquy where he tells the audience that he hates Othello, who he calls the Moor. Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text. Roderigo is a simple-minded fool who believes that by giving money to a lowly ensign he can win the love of Desdemona, have her marriage to Othello dissolved, and restore her virtue. In the quotation previous to this one, Roderigo is telling Iago that the plan to win Desdemona over was simply not going to work. "If it were now to die, twere now to be most happy" "My soul hath her content so absolute that not another comfort like this succeeds an unknown fate". Iago tells Cassio to speak to Desdemona, maybe he can get her to vouch for him with Othello to get his job back. Iago is a master of temptation; he is able to figure out exactly what people want, and then drive them to it, often by his mastery of speech. Iago takes advantage of this flaw, and sets the quarrel in motion. . When faced with this accusation, Iago simply offers that killing Cassio will. Iagos very language reveals the level at which his evil mind works. On the other hand, Othello is also to blame as Iago had only set forth accusations and opinions yet Othello himself decided to follow them. The rest of Iago's plan at last falls into place after his discussion with Cassio. In effect, he is defining himself as both an insider. They reveal that Iago is malicious and malevolent and his methods are manipulative. It is Cassio's courtly manner that makes him Othello's lieutenant; for Othello sees Cassio as a model Venetian, all poise and polish, which is something Othello wants to be, but thinks he is not. Encouraging patience, Iago subtly reinforces the parallel between his plots and drama in general: both need time to come to their climaxes. He is not interested in her innocence, in her pleas to be given a chance to explain the truth behind appearances, because he is so consumed by the "monster" of jealousy that he is certain that she is guilty. A messenger enters, and confirms that the Turkish fleet was broken apart by the storm, and that Cassio has arrived, though Othello is still at sea. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.1. To whom was it addressed? Examine the speech for the metaphors and images he uses. Iago is presented as arrogant and self-obsessed. Either as an in-class exercise or as homework, you can ask students to examine Iago's speech to Roderigo (1.1. The phrase "wear your heart on your sleeve" refers to how we express our feelings in an honest and open manner, which is our casual expression of genuine affection. The speed with which Othello is transformed from respected general to reviled outsider reveals the strength of prejudices more or less repressed by other characters throughout the majority of the play. What might have been a reason for Shakespeare to employ this change at the end of the act? -Graham S. Cassio, insisting that he is not drunk when he clearly is, seeks to maintain his honor or dignity via an illusion about himself. "He'll be as full of quarrel and offense / as my young mistress' dog" (Scene 3, lines 46-47) What does this quote mean? Students shall have a choice of doing one of two things: either writing and performing a persuasive speech OR writing an essay in which persuasive technique in the play is analyzed. Desdemona is so in love with Othello and Iago is gonna turn that purity into darkness. Mark me with what violence she first loved the Moor but for bragging and telling her fantastical lies. Othello killed Desdemona because he thought she betrayed him. Iago, much more than anyone else in the play, is always aware of what his status and his chances are; he is sharp enough to know when his plans are going to work, and when he needs to change his approach. Rewrite the word correctly in the blank. Iago is very ambiguous in his use of the word fair. Though Iago seems grieved by Cassio's promotion over him, this does not seem to be his main, or only, motive. Throughout the play, Iago tends to degrade those around him, whom he resents, the main perpetrator being Othello, this shows Iagos true characteristics as he has to belittle those around him in order to better himself, he decides to include Desdemona, Emila and Othello and other characters throughout into his plot, even though they only spoke highly of him. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Now he uses honor. The audience believes that this reason is inadequate and that it is only because of Othellos good fortune that he has decided to plot his revenge against Othello. Why does Iago choose silence in lines 296301? This builds on Iago's soliloquy in Act 1 scene 3, where he reveals to the audience that he intends to create suspicion in Othello's mind that Desdemona is having a secret relationship with Cassio, "after some time, to abuse Othello's ear that he is too familiar with his wife..". Roderigo recruits Iago to woo Desdemona for humself. Students should translate and rewrite what Iago says into modern English. But what is a Moor and what did it mean to be a Moor in Shakespeare's time? Despite Iago's confession to Rodrigo, he continues to trust this two-faced "confidante" who swears "by Janus," and who sows doubt, destruction and despair in the paths of all he encounters. Desdemona 3. Our KS4 classroom activities and games will provoke some fascinating discussions about crime, punishment, justice and morality in different historical periods. The show ran for five seasons, with a total of 150 half-hour episodes, 30 in black-and-white and 120 in color. But she shows her independence and loyalty to both Desdemona and to the truth. But even as he minces words with Desdemona, he is observing her and Cassio, and plotting how to make a fictional affair between them look convincing. Cassio greets them all, especially praising Desdemona; somehow, Iago and Desdemona enter into an argument about what women are, and Iago shows how little praise he believes women deserve. Othello's insecurities mean that Cassio is promoted over Iago, but also lead Othello to hold Cassio at a distance. Cassio fights Montano, and gravely wounds him. Iago's perception of women as deceptive, dominating, and lusty colors the way he portrays both Emilia and Desdemona; both are good women, Desdemona exceedingly so, yet he is able to convince other men that they are anything but what they are. In other words, Iago 2, the truth-teller, reveals what really lies behind Iago 1's blandishments. You can get a custom paper by one of our expert writers. (2020, Jun 02). He suggests that even really good actions can produce bad effects. To Cassio, he says that the incident is not serious. Students should note that Iago is quite right about reputation being "oft got without merit." He is going to get drunk and be argumentative, ready to fight, and take offense to everything. Also, ask students to examine and write down Iago's reasons for wishing to appear false to Othello (see especially 1.1.833; I.3.368386; and 2.1.268294). Says he. How? "Othello Act II Summary and Analysis". Dont know where to start? "Reputation is a most idle and false imposition," Iago says; but this statement is a false consolation (II.iii.268-269). The storm is also a great example of Shakespeare's deft use of language. Cassio 2. How does Shakespeare reveal Iago's villainy throughout 'Othello'? When devils will the blackest sins put on, They do suggest at first with heavenly shows, As I do now In this Iagos mentions that even Satan disguises himself as an angel, just as he does now. If Iago is able to manipulate language to get others to do what he wants, Othello is manipulated by language. Our KS4 classroom activities and games will provoke some fascinating discussions about crime, punishment, justice and in... About his views on religion plots unraveling to examine Iago 's manipulativeness deceptiveness!, blaming his nonsense on Roderigos unrequited love for his daughter the social group, is! Students love them!, Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account of 136 Terms. 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