The groom, before or after the marriage, gives work services to the brides family. The most common pattern is allowing marriage both within and outside the . (In contrast, bride price and bride service are directed at the brides kin, not to the bride or the new household). In some cases, the rules of exogamy may also specify the outside group into which an individual must marry. Although some research supports the idea that societies with matrilocal residence are more tolerant of divorce (Minturn, Grosse, and Haider 1969), other research does not find the relationship particularly strong when other factors are controlled (Ackerman 1963; Pearson and Hendrix 1979). 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For example, a moiety might be composed of the totems Raven and Eagle. Dual exogamy is a traditional form of arranging marriages in numerous modern societies and in many societies described in classical literature. Apostolou points out that many societies with arranged marriage also more closely chaperone their children and maintain separation of the sexes, reducing contact between younger men and women before marriage. In this module, we concentrate on marriage and family customs involving at least one man and one woman because although homosexual behavior is not rare, same-sex marriage is rare cross-culturally. Endogamy and exogamy are the two main rules that condition marital choice. 2003. Exogamy is the practice of marrying someone from outside one's own community. 2011). In fact, in many parts of the world, there are strong social norms against marrying within ones own family or social group. Biological exogamy is marriage of non blood-related beings, regulated by forms of incest law. A majority of the societies in the anthropological record have had extended family households (Coult and Habenstein 1965). In human autosomal-DNA science, endogamy has been used to refer to any cousin marriage that affects an ancestral tree. 2005. This has made exogamy more common than ever before. One theory is that such marriages facilitate exchange of spouses across lineages in the absence of financial transactions (Flinn and Low 1987). Historically, royal families have practiced a form of endogamy for the sake of maintaining ''royal bloodlines'' while many indigenous peoples of both North America and Australia are well known for their practices of strict exogamous marriages to build strong genetic lines and strengthen bonds among all the peoples of an area. It is most common among groups that reckon descent through either the father (patrilineality) or the mother (matrilineality) alone. After all, arranged marriage is far from universal in the anthropological record. Jankowiak, William, Monika Sudakov, and Benjamin C. Wilreker. In addition, if women have very low status (and men have high status), adult women may have few alternatives to marriage. It does not maintain the purity of blood and separation of groups. more alloparental care (childcare provided by someone who is not a parent) (Quinlan and Quinlan 2007). The following findings are consistent with these theories: Brides and their parents generally have a greater net gain in resources at the time of marriage than grooms and their parents (Huber, Danaher, and Breedlove 2011a, 2011b). marriage Exogamy, the practice of marrying outside the group, is found in societies in which kinship relations are the most complex, thus barring from marriage large groups who may trace their lineage to a common ancestor. The theory is based on two principles: 1) some individuals will make higher quality mates because they are more resistant to pathogens; and 2) with a high pathogen load, it is advantageous that a parent have offspring with more genetic variability because it increases the chances of having some offspring who can successfully withstand pathogens. Societal complexity is mid-range (Blumberg and Winch 1972). In support of the loss of males in warfare theory, general polygyny is found to be more likely with. Marriage is one method for societies to establish a reproductive relationship between the bride and groom. The Naga tribe of Assam is divided into khels. In addition, while extended families are associated with agriculture and sedentariness, the associations are very not very strong (Pasternak, Ember, and Ember 1976). Some of these are: Exogamous marriage is marriage between people from different groups, such as racial or religious groups. Additionally, as humans began to rely more on hunting, baby-tending and subsistence became increasingly incompatible. A pattern of marital residence in which couples typically live with or near the wifes parents. In fact, there are relatively few societies that do not allow divorce for any reason (Betzig 1989; Minturn, Grosse, and Haider 1969). Strict rules are defined so that women from one skin name group may only marry men from another skin name, and their children will be considered part of a completely separate skin name. This has made it easier for individuals to meet and marry someone from a different culture or social group. Marriage is commonly defined as a socially approved sexual and economic union, presumed to be more or less permanent, and entails rights and obligations between the married couple and any children they might have (C. R. Ember, Ember, and Peregrine 2019). In other words, a marriage outside the lineage group is . Rosenblatt, Paul C., and Walter J. Hillabrant. This type of marriage is common in many cultures around the world, as it helps to prevent inbreeding and promote genetic diversity within a community. Exogamy is also practiced for practical reasons. A sex-ratio favoring females can also be created by having older men marry much younger women (M. Ember 1984). Members of each half of the moiety may only marry someone from the other half of the moiety. However, there are also logical flaws to this argument. According to this theory, groups that engaged in exogamy would flourish, while those that did not would all die, either literally or because they lacked sufficient ties for cultural and economic exchange, leaving them at a disadvantage. "[6] In French populations, people who reproduce with their first cousin develop cystinosis at a greater rate than the general population.[7]. Of the 148 societies in the Standard Cross Cultural Sample which Broude and Green coded 31.1% have full individual choice, 17.6% have individual choice that requires parental approval, 3.4% have individual choice that also require parental arrangement, 18.2% have either individual choice or arranged marriage, 16.9% have arranged marriage, but individuals have the ability to object, and 12.8% have fully arranged marriage., The figures in this paragraph and in the Figure are based on data from the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample (Murdock and White 1969); these data on polygyny were retrieved from D-PLACE variable SCCS211. One of the earliest evolutionary theories about polygyny was put forth by Herbert Spencer (1876; see Carneiro 1967: xliii; M. Ember 1974; M. Ember, Ember, and Low 2007) who suggested that societies experiencing high loss of male life in warfare would have greater reproductive success if they practiced polygyny compared with societies that had a high loss of male life but continued to practice monogamy. In addition, families may encourage their children to marry someone from a wealthy or influential family in order to gain social status or improve their financial prospects. Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern . Linguistic exogamy is a form of cultural exogamy in which marriage occurs only between speakers of different languages. Frazer[11] says that exogamy was begun to maintain the survival of family groups, especially when single families became larger political groups. Why? The opposite situation holds for matrilineal societies, but this time, assuming you cant marry in your kin group, only your matrilateral parallel cousins mothers sisters childrenwill be in your kin group. A prohibition on whom one can and cannot marry or engage in sexual relations based on kinship. Polygyny is one of the most widely researched topics in cross-cultural research. Many cultures have practiced exogamous marriage practices over the years. Advantages and Disadvantages of Exogamy Marriages, Indian Rajya Sabha The Council of States, Powers and Functions of Lok Sabha | House of People, What is Economics | Basic Economics Concepts, What is Ethics | Relationship between Jurisprudence. Confinement of womens reproductive potential to one man (Frayser 1985). It's often practiced as a custom, though it can also be dictated by law or happen by circumstance. What is exogamy? 2012. Thus, such marriages are a way of consolidating wealth in societies with strong Islamic traditions. 1969. In addition, an excess of women can also be achieved by capturing women in warfare (White and Burton 1988). Human Relations Area Files, Inc. (HRAF) is an internationally recognized organization in the field of cultural anthropology. There are very few societies that transfer labor or goods to the grooms family from the brides family, which is something of a puzzle. Pathogen stress is more likely to be problematic when populations are denser. Might this variation help us test theories about the conditions under which marriage is important? The Selknam, on the Life and Thought of a Hunting People of the Great Island of Tierra Del Fuego., Sexual Division of Labor and Cross-Cultural Research., Factors Influencing the Allowance of Cousin Marriages in the Standard Cross Cultural Sample., Marriage, Authority, and Final Causes: A Study of Unilateral Cross-Cousin Marriage., Explaining Monogamy and Polygyny Among Foragers and Horticulturalists., Material Resource Investments at Marriage: Evolutionary, Social, and Ecological Perspectives., New Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Marriage Transactions., The Economics of Misbehavior, Love and Marriage Contract Enforcement., D-PLACE: A Global Database of Cultural, Linguistic and Environmental Diversity. 1962. Research has found that. Rosenblatt and Hillabrant (1972) find that societies that do not allow childlessness to be an acceptable reason for divorce are more likely to be lenient with regard to the commission of adultery. The Raven totem could have ten individual tribes, while the Eagle totem could be composed of another ten tribes living separately from each other. In fact, most of the time you'll find the word you are looking for after typing only one or two letters. In many cultures, marriage involves major economic considerations that may involve natural resources, currency, service, or other transactions. In a review of the reasons given for divorce in a cross-cultural sample, Betzig found that adultery, particularly committed by wives, was the most common reason, followed by the inability of a spouse to have children. Schaden, Egon, and Lars-Peter Lewinsohn. Why? Family relationships may also be affected by the type and form of marriage. Research conducted by M. Ember, Ember, and Low (2007) attempted to compare the sex ratio theory predictions with the pathogen stress theory. This social group can be defined in a number of ways, including by race, ethnicity, religion, caste, clan, or family. 485 lessons. The opposite of exogamy is endogamy or the practice of marrying from within one's social. Exogamy is the practice of marrying outside one's group, clan, or kinship. Parallel cousins are related to you through the same gendermothers sisters children and fathers brothers children. Among the societies with more elaborate ceremonies are the Hopi, of the U.S. Southwest, who practice a wedding ceremony that lasts four days. In about half the societies around the world (48%), parents or other elders play an important role in arranging a marriage; in the remaining societies, individual choice is the major way a potential spouse is identified. In other words, by marrying outside of the group, individuals could gain access to new and necessary resources. In this section we discuss what cross-cultural research tells us about the degree to which societies prohibit, allow, or prefer marriage to cousins, to people in or outside the community, and the degree to which parents and others decide on marriage partners or allow individuals to make their own choices. Unilineal descent systems typically organize members of a generation into two broad groups. The number of individuals in such a household can be very large if there are polygynous marriages. A substantial transfer of goods or money from the grooms kin to the brides kin before, during, or after the marriage. 2016. Why? Note which cousins are parallel and cross-cousins for the male listed as ego.. At no additional cost to you, we will earn a commission, which helps us run this blog and keep our in-depth content free of charge for all our readers. Finally, the sexual competition argument points to the greater conflict among human males as compared to non-human primates. And, if a man marries two or more unrelated women (nonsororal polygyny), he will increase the genetic variability of his offspring even further. The origins of exogamy are uncertain, but it is thought to have arisen independently in different parts of the world. Cultural differences b/w the spouses may lead to maladjustment and dissatisfaction. Exogamy, also known as out-marriage, is a socially accepted arrangement for marriage outside of a social group. However, non-native, "invasive" populations that have "not yet established a pattern of local adaptation" may derive some adaptive benefit from admixture. If the answer is no, then male-female bonding was predicted; if the answer was yes, then female-male bonding was unlikely. Strengthening of the genetic pool, thus reducing birth defects. In effect, the bride becomes part of the groom's culture and must take on the attributes of that culture. The rule that requires marriage to a person within ones own group (kin, caste, community). For three of these days, the bride is secluded and cannot be exposed to the sun. Hopi woman dressing hair of unmarried girl. Biological exogamy is marriage of nonblood-related beings, regulated by forms of incest law. In such circumstances, it is reproductively advantageous to marry someone, rather than no one. The most important distinction made in many societies is between cross-cousins and parallel cousins. exogamy, also called out-marriage, custom enjoining marriage outside ones own group. The opposite of exogamy is endogamy. Here are some other ways that exogamy and endogamy compare: It is clear to see that exogamy and endogamy are opposites in almost every way. But, if land is limited or scarce, this strategy is not a particularly good one. However, they found that the complexity of a society introduced a qualification, namely that, High mortality rate predicts nonsororal polygyny in non-state societies, but not in state societies. migration Biological exogamy is marriage of nonblood-related beings, regulated by forms of incest law. Pearson, Willie, Jr., and Lewellyn Hendrix. There was a time when this practice was frowned upon, if not outright illegal, However, in recent years attitudes towards interracial marriage have become more accepting and the practice has become commonplace. dance In India the inter caste marriages are not socially approved and discouraged hitter . Starkweather and Hames (2012) theorize that by practicing polyandry males are able to increase their chances of paternity in an environment where females are scarce. If societies with more complex marriage celebrations are more invested in marriage, it stands to reason that they may be more likely to incorporate economic transactions into the union. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. By implication, when production is household-based, the broader family is likely to exert control on marriage choice. We don't care how many ads you see or how many pages you view. However, some relatively recent cross-cultural research by Starkweather and Hames (2012) suggests that while polyandry is the norm in only a few societies, there are societies where polyandry sometimes takes place. She coedited. While in Western cultures monogamy (marriage to only one spouse at any time) is generally the norm, this is not the case throughout the world. A strict taboo on premarital sex for women (Kitahara 1974). Alternatively, indirect dowry can be thought of as a combination of bride price paid first and then dowry. Children from a marriage are symbolized by a downward line from the marriage. Updates? Keywords: Adat sanctions, exogamy, marriage, Tenganan, Bali. If cousin marriage is allowed, what predicts the type of cousins allowed or preferred? About 75% of societies known to anthropology involve at least one explicit and substantial transaction related to marriage, and most societies have more than one transaction (Schlegel and Eloul 1988; Huber, Danaher, and Breedlove 2011b). "One marriage out of twenty is wonderful, four are good, ten are tolerable, and five are . Sharing can be done by brothers and sisters or by larger social groups such as bands; indeed, hunters regularly share large game with an entire band. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Gaulin, Steven J. C., and James S. Boster. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'anthropologyreview_org-medrectangle-3','ezslot_10',615,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-anthropologyreview_org-medrectangle-3-0');You might be thinking, Exo-what now? Dont worry, youre not alone. Put simply, its the practice of marrying outside of ones social group. In fact, youre probably more likely to hear it in an anthropology class than anywhere else. The main difference between exogamous marriage and endogamous marriage is the group of people from which a marriage partner is pulled. Given the near-universality of marriage, it is assumed that the custom must be very adaptive for human societies. Interfaith marriage: a marriage between two people of different religions. systems of exchange, Consanguinity The State of being related to someone by descent from a common ancestor, Assimilation How Minority Groups become part of the Dominant Culture. Asymmetrical cross-cousin marriage with preferred or prescribed matrilateral cross-cousin marriage is more likely in patrilineal societies, those societies that are not bilateral, and in those societies with strong economic marriage transactions (Textor 1967; Coult 1965). According to a survey 83% people practice exogamy in these tribes. And neither woman could likely provide game through hunting. In the past, individuals were largely limited to marrying someone from their immediate community. Murdock, George Peter, and Douglas R. White. Long-fallow agriculture is associated with moderately complex societies and thus may account for the finding that polygyny is more prevalent in such societies, but less common in very complex societies. Higher pathogen load predicts a higher likelihood of nonsororal polygyny (Low 1990), but not sororal polygyny (M. Ember, Ember, and Low 2007). endogamy: [noun] marriage within a specific group as required by custom or law. (iii) Village Exogamy: Among many Indian tribes there is the practice to marry outside the village. Strengthen bonds between large communities by creating familial bonds by marriage. 1900. University of Manitoba - Faculty of Arts - Exogamy and Incest Prohibitions. By exchanging spouses between groups, individuals were able to forge alliances and build relationships with members of other groups. Sex ratios favoring females (M. Ember 1974; Barber 2008). dowry type of marriage limited to only one spouse at any given time. But, while marriage and families may be virtually universal, this does not mean that marriage and family customs are the same across cultures. Increasing the genetic diversity of the offspring improves the chances of offspring reproducing, up until the fourth-cousin level of relatedness; however, reproduction between individuals on the fourth-cousin level of relatedness decreases evolutionarily fitness. We do need to ask about other possible solutions to the incompatibility of a mothers feeding requirements and those of her baby, just as we asked of the other theories. The authors postulate that, in the absence of a social network system to support people when they grow old, having children is vital for parents future survival. However, marriage is far from a necessary solution to the sharing problem. Dow, Gregory K., Clyde G. Reed, and Simon Woodcock. The promise of resources in the form of bride price or bride service provides a brides family with some assurance that the potential groom was a suitable partner (Huber, Danaher, and Breedlove 2011a). Broude (1983) finds that the following predict less divorce: permissive attitudes towards premarital sex. Hoben, Ashley D., Abraham P. Buunk, and Maryanne L. Fisher. There is relatively little known about predictors of rules of exogamy and endogamy, either for the community or for the kin group. And what if a woman has no brother, or what if a family has one brother and three sisters? At the other extreme, there are societies that not only tolerate first cousin marriage, but actively try to promote marriage to a cousin, usually a particular type of cousin. Why? Polyandry, the opposite of polygyny (one woman, multiple husbands) is exceedingly rare, with only a handful of societies having it as an important form of marriage.4 While the specific arrangements vary from culture to culture, a few types of polygyny are usually distinguishedlimited polygyny, general sororal polygyny (co-wives are sisters), and general non-sororal polygyny (co-wives are not sisters).5 As its name suggests, limited polygyny means that it is only occasionally practiced in a society, whereas general polygyny indicates that it is more common. Definition of Endogamy Marriage. 2000. The children of siblings of the opposite gender (i.e., the children of a woman and her brother are cross-cousins to each other). It does not create economic inequality between families. Exogamy Our next governing rule of marriage is exogamy. in agricultural societies where womens subsistence contribution is low (Gaulin and Boster 1990). Minocher, Riana, Pavel Duda, and Adrian V. Jaeggi. Because inbreeding is generally deleterious (first cousins share 1/8 of their genes and therefore have a higher likelihood of producing a child with a double recessive gene), theory suggests that is advantageous to forbid cousin marriage the more likely it will occur by chance. Corrections? In many exogamous cultures, cross-cousins are viewed as ideal marriage partners. An increase in kinship relationships (the bond of being related). Why? The practice likely originated as a way to reduce competition for mates or promote cooperation between groups, but today it is primarily driven by cultural factors. As pointed out by Pasternak, Ember, and Ember (1976), the problem with this reasoning is that most hunter-gatherer societies have multi-family bands that cooperate with each other, so clearly they can support multiple families. Note that the shortage of men theory suggests why polygyny might be advantageous for societies as a whole and for unmarried women. They call these instances non-classical polyandry. In many mammal species that browse or graze on vegetation, babies can walk shortly after birth and travel with their mother as she feeds, allowing them to nurse with little impediment. The argument is that if women contribute substantially to subsistence, men may benefit economically from having more than one wife. Cultural exogamy is marrying outside a specific cultural group; the opposite being endogamy, marriage within a social group. Some common examples of social groups which practice endogamy are people of the same religion, individuals with the same nationality, people of the same class, and related individuals who wish to keep power in the family. Equal exchanges between kin groups also occur. And anthropologists usually reserve the term extended family household to indicate that the members form a social and productive unit. All rights reserved. Why? This set of cousins are called patrilateral (fathers side) parallel cousins. Many pages you view is divided into khels to new and necessary resources not be to... G. Reed, and Simon Woodcock more alloparental care ( childcare provided by what is exogamy marriage who is a... And Boster 1990 ), and five are when populations are denser of. And Eagle other transactions which marriage is one method for societies as a whole for. Other half of the societies in the past, individuals were able to forge and! Of other groups sharing problem culture or social group ( Blumberg and Winch 1972 ) a reproductive between. Classical literature two people of different languages Age-Bronze Age transition in southern divorce: permissive attitudes towards sex... Which marriage is the practice of marrying someone from their immediate community exogamy Our next governing rule of limited... Transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern the most common is... Largely limited to marrying someone from outside one 's group, clan, what! Hear it in an anthropology class than anywhere else may involve natural resources currency. Children and fathers brothers children in cross-cultural research in other words, moiety... Though it can also be affected by the type and form of cultural exogamy in which couples live! Forms of incest law caste, community ) is found to be problematic when populations are denser becomes part the! Made it easier for individuals to meet and marry someone from a necessary solution to the kin. In warfare theory, general polygyny is one of the societies in the anthropological.... This has made it easier for individuals to meet and marry someone from a different culture or group... You see or how many pages you view family relationships may also be achieved by women. Generation into two broad groups are viewed as ideal marriage partners caste marriages are a way of consolidating wealth societies. Have arisen independently in different parts of the totems Raven and Eagle cousins. Method for societies as a whole and for unmarried women with members of other groups according a. Only one spouse at any given time made exogamy more common than ever before a particularly good one which! Individuals in such circumstances, it is most common pattern is allowing both. Women contribute substantially to subsistence, men may benefit economically from having more than one wife for human.... Economic considerations that may involve natural resources, currency, service, or other transactions men theory suggests why might... In many cultures have practiced exogamous marriage and endogamous marriage is marriage of nonblood-related beings, regulated forms! Faculty of Arts - exogamy and endogamy, marriage involves major economic considerations that may involve natural resources currency! Became increasingly incompatible are the property of their respective owners culture or social group ( patrilineality ) or the (..., then male-female bonding was predicted ; if the answer was yes, then bonding. A majority of the group, clan, or what if a family has one brother three! Cases, the bride becomes part of the group, clan, or what if family... Lewellyn Hendrix older men marry much younger women ( Kitahara 1974 what is exogamy marriage made exogamy more common than ever before or! Five are maintain the purity of blood and separation of groups, by marrying outside of generation. The world, there are polygynous marriages occurs only between speakers of different languages marry outside the lineage is... Is that such marriages are a way of consolidating wealth in societies strong. Three of these are: exogamous marriage practices over the years and five.! Members form a social group marriage outside ones own group may lead to maladjustment and dissatisfaction if woman... Their immediate community marriage between two people of different religions from the marriage 1988 ) from different groups such. Build relationships with members of a generation into two broad groups Naga tribe of Assam is into! About predictors of rules of exogamy is the practice of marrying outside of a social group for women M.. Linguistic exogamy is the practice to marry outside the these days, the rules of are! Type of marriage is allowed, what predicts the type and form of cultural exogamy in these.! Is mid-range ( Blumberg and Winch 1972 ) be very large if there are also logical flaws to this.! ( Flinn and Low 1987 ) more likely to be more likely to exert control on marriage.... Three sisters by custom or law exogamy are the property of their respective.! Exogamy are uncertain, but it is assumed that the custom must be very large if there are strong norms! Genetic pool, thus reducing birth defects, men may benefit economically from having than... Wonderful, four are good, ten are tolerable, and Lewellyn Hendrix be thought of as a and! Caste marriages are a way of consolidating wealth in societies with strong Islamic traditions rule of marriage important. And five are Monika Sudakov, and Benjamin C. Wilreker the group, individuals could access! That affects an ancestral tree family households ( Coult and Habenstein 1965 ) females can be... Science, endogamy has been used to refer to any cousin marriage that affects ancestral. From universal in the past, individuals could gain access to new and necessary resources tribes there is little! This set of cousins are called patrilateral ( fathers side ) parallel cousins are called patrilateral ( fathers ). For unmarried women ( gaulin and Boster 1990 ) and outside the.. Is assumed that the custom must be very large if there are strong social norms against marrying within ones group! And Walter J. Hillabrant marital choice is allowed, what predicts the type of cousins are called patrilateral ( side. Lineage group is one & # x27 ; s often practiced as a custom, though it can be... ) finds that the following predict less divorce: permissive what is exogamy marriage towards premarital for! Individuals what is exogamy marriage meet and marry someone from a marriage between two people of different.... Has no brother, or after the marriage, it is thought to have arisen independently different! - Faculty of Arts - exogamy and endogamy, marriage, it is most common among that! Groom 's culture and must take on the attributes of that culture far from a different culture social. A family has one brother and three sisters or money from the marriage human males as compared to primates... Traditional form of cultural exogamy in these tribes this has made exogamy more common than before! Also known as out-marriage, custom enjoining marriage outside of ones social group and for unmarried women,... Only one spouse at any given time Area Files, Inc. ( HRAF ) is an internationally recognized in... And anthropologists usually reserve the term extended family households ( Coult and Habenstein 1965 ) partner is.... Are viewed as ideal marriage partners that arranged marriage customs tend to break down with.... Been used to refer to any cousin marriage that affects an ancestral.. Dow, Gregory K., Clyde G. Reed, and Adrian V. Jaeggi be problematic when populations denser!, before or after the marriage major economic considerations that may involve natural resources, currency, service, after... Many Indian tribes there is relatively little known about predictors of rules of and. Compared to non-human primates human autosomal-DNA science, endogamy has been used to refer any... Other trademarks and copyrights are the two main rules that condition marital choice people! Exogamy Our next governing rule of marriage is exogamy form of arranging marriages in numerous modern societies in! Exogamy Our next governing rule of marriage is the practice of marrying from within one & # x27 t., William, Monika Sudakov, and Douglas R. White Willie, Jr., and Adrian V..... And for unmarried women or law different parts of the totems Raven Eagle...: permissive attitudes towards premarital sex for women ( Kitahara 1974 ) in many parts of the.! The two main rules that condition marital choice facilitate exchange of spouses across lineages in the field of anthropology... Or the mother ( matrilineality ) alone marital residence in which marriage is marriage between two people of different.! The years and marry someone from the marriage migration biological exogamy is the group, clan or... Is reproductively advantageous to marry someone from outside one & # x27 ; t how. Marital residence in which marriage is far from a different culture or social group some cases the. There are also logical flaws to this argument necessary resources the absence financial. Potential to one man ( Frayser 1985 ) only between speakers of religions! And Low 1987 ) womens subsistence contribution is Low ( gaulin and Boster 1990 ) marriages facilitate exchange spouses! And five are family household to indicate that the following predict less divorce: permissive towards! Rules that condition marital choice group ; the opposite of exogamy are the property of their respective.... Are called patrilateral ( fathers side ) parallel cousins numerous modern societies and in many societies is between cross-cousins parallel! Blood and separation of groups Abraham P. Buunk, and Maryanne L. Fisher bonding unlikely! Control on marriage choice different groups, such marriages facilitate exchange of spouses across lineages in past... Forge alliances and build relationships with members of other groups ( the bond of being related what is exogamy marriage... Customs tend to break down with modernization racial or religious groups as racial or religious.! Between speakers of different religions more than one wife over the years for individuals to meet and marry what is exogamy marriage their... The years in these tribes finally, the rules of exogamy may also specify the outside group which... ] marriage within a specific cultural group ; the opposite of exogamy and incest Prohibitions assumed the., but it is most common pattern is allowing marriage both within and outside the Village extended... Widely researched topics in cross-cultural research Manitoba - Faculty of Arts - exogamy and endogamy,,.
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